PET Medicare Guidelines

Lung Cancer
  • initial diagnosis (for example, to evaluate a pulmonary nodule at least 8 mm up to 4 cm that is indeterminate by chest x-ray or CT).
  • staging or restaging of non-small cell carcinoma, histologically confirmed (NSCLC).
Breast Cancer
  • detection of locoregional recurrence or distant metastasis (staging/restaging). The patient has a diagnosis of breast cancer.
  • evaluate treatment response for breast cancer, baseline scan and during chemotherapy.
Colorectal Cancer
  • initial diagnosis (Rare). When PET is ordered for initial diagnosis of cancer, i.e. before a histologic diagnosis is available, the conventional clinical and imaging work-up should be inconclusive and PET findings should have the potential to determine the exact location for an invasive diagnostic test or help avoid an invasive diagnostic test.
  • staging and restaging. The patient has history of colorectal cancer, there is suspicion of local recurrence or metastasis.
Lymphoma
  • initial diagnosis (Rare). When PET is ordered for initial diagnosis of cancer, i.e. before a histologic diagnosis is available, the conventional imaging work-up should be inconclusive and PET findings should have the potential to determine the exact location for an invasive diagnostic test or help avoid an invasive diagnostic test.
  • staging and restaging of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Hodgkin’s disease. Diagnosis is histologically established.
Melanoma
  • initial diagnosis (Rare). When PET is ordered for initial diagnosis of cancer, i.e. before a histologic diagnosis is available, the conventional clinical and imaging work-up should be in conclusive and PET findings should have the potential to determine the exact location for an invasive diagnostic test or help avoid an invasive diagnostic test.
  • staging and restaging (not for exclusive evaluation of regional nodes) PET is indicated whenever precise staging or restaging has the potential to alter clinical management.
Head and Neck Cancer
  • diagnosis (for example, unknown primary with positive necknode).
  • staging and restaging (excludes thyroid and CNS malignancies).
Cervical Cancer
  • initial staging
    - only covered for staging at initial diagnosis
    - CT or MRI abdomen/pelvis must be completed first and show no extra-pelvic tumor.
Esophageal Cancer
  • initial diagnosis (Rare). When PET is ordered for initial diagnosis of cancer, i.e. before a histologic diagnosis is available, the conventional imaging work-up should be inconclusive and PET findings should have the potential to determine the exact location for an invasive diagnostic test or help avoid an invasive diagnostic test.
  • staging. The patient has been diagnosed with esophageal cancer and is being evaluated for possible surgery.
  • restaging. The patient has a history of esophageal cancer issuspected of having recurrence by clinical symptoms or imaging results.
Thyroid Cancer
  • restaging of recurrent or residual thyroid cancers of follicular cellorigin. Previously treated by thyroidectomy and radioiodine abla-tion. Serum thyroglobulin > 10 NG/ML and NEG. I-131 whole body scan.
Refractory Seizures
  • presurgical evaluation only
Dementia -
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  • Alzheimer's disease vs. Fronto-temporal dementia


Future CMS PET
Coverage Considerations
(not yet approved)

Brain Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Testicular Cancer

Restaging studies should generally be performed after completion of treatment. PET in general is covered for the listed indications if the results of the PET exam could potentially impact clinical management. Medicare requires the ordering physician to document in the patient medical record the indication and justification for ordering a PET study, including a statement of how the PET findings might impact clinical management. Other indications for PET not covered by Medicare include: Multiple Myeloma, soft tissue or Bone Sarcomas, Renal Cell Carci-noma, and others. For a clinical consult with one of our PET Radiologists, please call (817) 882-3550 and ask for Dr. Paul Shyn, Dr. Dan Fawcett, Dr. Jay Yaquinto, Dr. Kim Kuo, or Dr. James David.